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SQL 函数
表值函数
S3

S3

描述

S3 表函数（table-valued-function,tvf），可以让用户像访问关系表格式数据一样，读取并访问 S3 兼容的对象存储上的文件内容。目前支持csv/csv_with_names/csv_with_names_and_types/json/parquet/orc文件格式。

语法

S3(
    "uri" = "<uri>",
    "s3.access_key" = "<s3_access_key>",
    "s3.secret_key" = "<s3_secret_key>",
    "s3.region" = "<s3_region>",
    "s3.endpoint" = "<s3_endpoint>",
    "format" = "<format>"
    [, "<optional_property_key>" = "<optional_property_value>" [, ...] ]
  )

必选参数

参数描述
uri用于访问 S3 的 URI，该函数会根据 use_path_style 参数来决定使用路径样式（Path Style）还是虚拟托管样式（Virtual-hosted Style）进行访问
s3.access_key访问 S3 的访问密钥
s3.secret_key访问 S3 的秘密密钥
s3.regionS3 存储所在的区域
s3.endpointS3 存储的端点地址
format文件格式，支持 csv/csv_with_names/csv_with_names_and_types/json/parquet/orc

可选参数

参数描述备注
s3.session_tokenS3 session token
use_path_style默认为false，S3 SDK 默认使用 Virtual-hosted Syle 方式。但某些对象存储系统可能没开启或没支持 Virtual-hosted Style 方式的访问，此时我们可以添加 use_path_style 参数来强制使用 Path Style 方式。比如 minio 默认情况下只允许 path style 访问方式，所以在访问 MinIO 时要加上 use_path_style=true
force_parsing_by_standard_uri默认为 false，用于强制将非标准的 URI 解析为标准 URI
column_separator列分割符，默认为\t
line_delimiter行分割符，默认为\n
compress_type目前支持 UNKNOWN/PLAIN/GZ/LZO/BZ2/LZ4FRAME/DEFLATE/SNAPPYBLOCK。默认值为 UNKNOWN, 将会根据 uri 的后缀自动推断类型
read_json_by_line默认为 "true"，适用于 JSON 格式的导入JSON Load
strip_outer_array默认为 "false"，适用于 JSON 格式的导入JSON Load
json_root默认为空，适用于 JSON 格式的导入JSON Load
jsonpaths默认为空，适用于 JSON 格式的导入JSON Load
num_as_string默认为 false，适用于 JSON 格式的导入JSON Load
fuzzy_parse默认为 false，适用于 JSON 格式的导入
trim_double_quotes默认为 false，用于 CSV 格式的导入，裁剪掉每个字段最外层的双引号
skip_lines默认为 0，表示跳过 CSV 文件的前几行。适用于 csv_with_names 或 csv_with_names_and_types 格式时失效
path_partition_keys指定文件路径中携带的分区列名，例如 /path/to/city=beijing/date="2023-07-09", 则填写 path_partition_keys="city,date"，将会自动从路径中读取相应列名和列值进行导入
resource指定 Resource 名，S3 TVF 可以利用已有的 S3 Resource 来直接访问 S3。创建 S3 Resource 的方法可以参照 CREATE-RESOURCE。该功能自 2.1.4 版本开始支持。

注意事项

  1. 对于 AWS S3，标准 uri styles 有以下几种：
  1. AWS Client Style(Hadoop S3 Style): s3://my-bucket/path/to/file?versionId=abc123&partNumber=77&partNumber=88。
  2. Virtual Host Style:https://my-bucket.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/resources/doc.txt?versionId=abc123&partNumber=77&partNumber=88。
  3. Path Style:https://s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/my-bucket/resources/doc.txt?versionId=abc123&partNumber=77&partNumber=88。

除了支持以上三个标准常见的 URI Styles, 还支持其他一些 URI Styles（也许不常见，但也有可能有）：

  1. Virtual Host AWS Client (Hadoop S3) Mixed Style: >> s3://my-bucket.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/resources/doc.txt?versionId=abc123&partNumber=77&partNumber=88
  2. Path AWS Client (Hadoop S3) Mixed Style: > > s3://s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/my-bucket/resources/doc.txt?versionId=abc123&partNumber=77&partNumber=88

详细使用案例可以参考下方的示例

  1. 直接查询 TVF 或基于该 TVF 创建 View，需要拥有该 Resource 的 USAGE 权限，查询基于 TVF 创建的 View，只需要该 View 的 SELECT 权限。

示例

  • 读取并访问 S3 兼容的对象存储上的 CSV 格式文件

    select * from s3("uri" = "http://127.0.0.1:9312/test2/student1.csv",
                "s3.access_key"= "minioadmin",
                "s3.secret_key" = "minioadmin",
                "s3.endpoint" = "http://127.0.0.1:9312",
                "s3.region" = "us-east-1",
                "format" = "csv",
                "use_path_style" = "true") order by c1;

  • 可以配合 desc function 使用

    Desc function s3("uri" = "http://127.0.0.1:9312/test2/student1.csv",
                 "s3.access_key"= "minioadmin",
                 "s3.secret_key" = "minioadmin",
                 "s3.endpoint" = "http://127.0.0.1:9312",
                 "s3.region" = "us-east-1",
                 "format" = "csv",
                 "use_path_style" = "true");

  • 不同 url schema 的写法

    http:// 、https:// 使用示例：

    -- 注意 URI Bucket 写法以及`use_path_style`参数设置，HTTP 同理。
-- 由于设置了 `"use_path_style"="true"`, 所以将采用 Path Style 的方式访问 S3。
select * from s3(
    "uri" = "https://endpoint/bucket/file/student.csv",
    "s3.access_key"= "ak",
    "s3.secret_key" = "sk",
    "s3.endpoint" = "endpoint",
    "s3.region" = "region",
    "format" = "csv",
    "use_path_style"="true");
 
-- 注意 URI Bucket 写法以及 use_path_style 参数设置，http 同理。
-- 由于设置了 `"use_path_style"="false"`, 所以将采用 Virtual-hosted Style 方式访问 S3。
select * from s3(
    "uri" = "https://bucket.endpoint/bucket/file/student.csv",
    "s3.access_key"= "ak",
    "s3.secret_key" = "sk",
    "s3.endpoint" = "endpoint",
    "s3.region" = "region",
    "format" = "csv",
    "use_path_style"="false");
 
-- 阿里云 OSS 和腾讯云 COS 采用 Virtual-hosted Style 方式访问 S3。
-- OSS
select * from s3(
    "uri" = "http://example-bucket.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/your-folder/file.parquet",
    "s3.access_key"= "ak",
    "s3.secret_key" = "sk",
    "s3.endpoint" = "oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com",
    "s3.region" = "oss-cn-beijing",
    "format" = "parquet",
    "use_path_style" = "false");
-- COS
select * from s3(
    "uri" = "https://example-bucket.cos.ap-hongkong.myqcloud.com/your-folder/file.parquet",
    "s3.access_key"= "ak",
    "s3.secret_key" = "sk",
    "s3.endpoint" = "cos.ap-hongkong.myqcloud.com",
    "s3.region" = "ap-hongkong",
    "format" = "parquet",
    "use_path_style" = "false");
 
-- MinIO
select * from s3(
    "uri" = "s3://bucket/file.csv",
    "s3.endpoint" = "http://172.21.0.101:9000",
    "s3.access_key"= "ak",
    "s3.secret_key" = "sk",
    "s3.region" = "us-east-1",
    "format" = "csv"
);
 
-- 百度云 BOS 采用兼容 S3 协议的 Virtual-hosted Style 方式访问 S3。
-- BOS
select * from s3(
    "uri" = "https://example-bucket.s3.bj.bcebos.com/your-folder/file.parquet",
    "s3.access_key"= "ak",
    "s3.secret_key" = "sk",
    "s3.region" = "bj",
    "s3.endpoint" = "http://bj.bcebos.com",
    "format" = "parquet",
    "use_path_style" = "false");

  • s3:// 使用示例：

    -- 注意 URI Bucket 写法，无需设置 `use_path_style` 参数。
-- 将采用 Virtual-hosted Style 方式访问 S3。
select * from s3(
    "uri" = "s3://bucket/file/student.csv",
    "s3.endpoint"= "endpont",
    "s3.region"= "region",
    "s3.access_key"= "ak",
    "s3.secret_key" = "sk",
    "format" = "csv");

  • 其它支持的 URI 风格示例：

    -- Virtual Host AWS Client (Hadoop S3) Mixed Style。通过设置 `use_path_style = false` 以及 `force_parsing_by_standard_uri = true` 来使用。
select * from s3(
    "URI" = "s3://my-bucket.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/resources/doc.txt?versionId=abc123&partNumber=77&partNumber=88",
    "s3.access_key"= "ak",
    "s3.secret_key" = "sk",
    "s3.endpoint"= "endpont",
    "s3.region"= "region",
    "format" = "csv",
    "use_path_style"="false",
    "force_parsing_by_standard_uri"="true");
 
-- Path AWS Client (Hadoop S3) Mixed Style。通过设置 `use_path_style = true` 以及 `force_parsing_by_standard_uri = true` 来使用。
select * from s3(
    "URI" = "s3://s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/my-bucket/resources/doc.txt?versionId=abc123&partNumber=77&partNumber=88",
    "s3.access_key"= "ak",
    "s3.secret_key" = "sk",
    "s3.endpoint"= "endpont",
    "s3.region"= "region",
    "format" = "csv",
    "use_path_style"="true",
    "force_parsing_by_standard_uri"="true");

  • CSV format

    由于 S3 table-valued-function 事先并不知道 Table Schema，所以会先读一遍文件来解析出 Table Schema。

    csv 格式：S3 table-valued-function 读取 S3 上的文件并当作 CSV 文件来处理，读取文件中的第一行用于解析 Table Schema。文件第一行的列个数 n 将作为 Table Schema 的列个数，Table Schema 的列名则自动取名为 c1, c2, ..., cn ，列类型都设置为 String, 举例：

    student1.csv 文件内容为：

    1,ftw,12
2,zs,18
3,ww,20

  • 使用 S3 TVF

    select * from s3("uri" = "http://127.0.0.1:9312/test2/student1.csv",
                 "s3.access_key"= "minioadmin",
                 "s3.secret_key" = "minioadmin",
                 "s3.endpoint" = "http://127.0.0.1:9312",
                 "s3.region" = "us-east-1",
                 "format" = "csv",
                 "use_path_style" = "true") order by c1;
      +------+------+------+
   | c1   | c2   | c3   |
   +------+------+------+
   | 1    | ftw  | 12   |
   | 2    | zs   | 18   |
   | 3    | ww   | 20   |
   +------+------+------+

  • 可以配合 desc function S3() 来查看 Table Schema

    Desc function s3("uri" = "http://127.0.0.1:9312/test2/student1.csv",
                 "s3.access_key"= "minioadmin",
                 "s3.secret_key" = "minioadmin",
                 "s3.endpoint" = "http://127.0.0.1:9312",
                 "s3.region" = "us-east-1",
                 "format" = "csv",
                 "use_path_style" = "true");
      +-------+------+------+-------+---------+-------+
   | Field | Type | Null | Key   | Default | Extra |
   +-------+------+------+-------+---------+-------+
   | c1    | TEXT | Yes  | false | NULL    | NONE  |
   | c2    | TEXT | Yes  | false | NULL    | NONE  |
   | c3    | TEXT | Yes  | false | NULL    | NONE  |
   +-------+------+------+-------+---------+-------+

  • csv_with_names format

    csv_with_names 格式：解析文件的第一行作为 Table Schema 的列个数和列名，列类型则都设置为 String, 举例：

    student_with_names.csv 文件内容为

    id,name,age
1,ftw,12
2,zs,18
3,ww,20

  • 使用 S3 tvf

    select * from s3("uri" = "http://127.0.0.1:9312/test2/student_with_names.csv",
                 "s3.access_key"= "minioadmin",
                 "s3.secret_key" = "minioadmin",
                 "s3.endpoint" = "http://127.0.0.1:9312",
                 "s3.region" = "us-east-1",
                 "format" = "csv_with_names",
                 "use_path_style" = "true") order by id;
      +------+------+------+
   | id   | name | age  |
   +------+------+------+
   | 1    | ftw  | 12   |
   | 2    | zs   | 18   |
   | 3    | ww   | 20   |
   +------+------+------+

  • 同样配合 desc function S3() 可查看 Table Schema

    Desc function s3("uri" = "http://127.0.0.1:9312/test2/student_with_names.csv",
                 "s3.access_key"= "minioadmin",
                 "s3.secret_key" = "minioadmin",
                 "s3.endpoint" = "http://127.0.0.1:9312",
                 "s3.region" = "us-east-1",
                 "format" = "csv_with_names",
                 "use_path_style" = "true");
      +-------+------+------+-------+---------+-------+
   | Field | Type | Null | Key   | Default | Extra |
   +-------+------+------+-------+---------+-------+
   | id    | TEXT | Yes  | false | NULL    | NONE  |
   | name  | TEXT | Yes  | false | NULL    | NONE  |
   | age   | TEXT | Yes  | false | NULL    | NONE  |
   +-------+------+------+-------+---------+-------+

  • csv_with_names_and_types format

    csv_with_names_and_types 格式：目前暂不支持从 CSV 文件中解析出 Column Type。使用该 Format 时，S3 TVF 会解析文件的第一行作为 Table Schema 的列个数和列名，列类型则都设置为 String，同时将忽略该文件的第二行。

    student_with_names_and_types.csv 文件内容为

    id,name,age
INT,STRING,INT
1,ftw,12
2,zs,18
3,ww,20

  • 使用 S3 TVF

    select * from s3("uri" = "http://127.0.0.1:9312/test2/student_with_names_and_types.csv",
                 "s3.access_key"= "minioadmin",
                 "s3.secret_key" = "minioadmin",
                 "s3.endpoint" = "http://127.0.0.1:9312",
                 "s3.region" = "us-east-1",
                 "format" = "csv_with_names_and_types",
                 "use_path_style" = "true") order by id;
    +------+------+------+
| id   | name | age  |
+------+------+------+
| 1    | ftw  | 12   |
| 2    | zs   | 18   |
| 3    | ww   | 20   |
+------+------+------+

  • 同样配合 desc function S3() 可查看 Table Schema

    Desc function s3("uri" = "http://127.0.0.1:9312/test2/student_with_names_and_types.csv",
                 "s3.access_key"= "minioadmin",
                 "s3.secret_key" = "minioadmin",
                 "s3.endpoint" = "http://127.0.0.1:9312",
                 "s3.region" = "us-east-1",
                 "format" = "csv_with_names_and_types",
                 "use_path_style" = "true");
      +-------+------+------+-------+---------+-------+
   | Field | Type | Null | Key   | Default | Extra |
   +-------+------+------+-------+---------+-------+
   | id    | TEXT | Yes  | false | NULL    | NONE  |
   | name  | TEXT | Yes  | false | NULL    | NONE  |
   | age   | TEXT | Yes  | false | NULL    | NONE  |
   +-------+------+------+-------+---------+-------+

  • JSON format

    json 格式：JSON 格式涉及到较多的可选参数，各个参数的意义可以参考：Json Load。S3 TVF 查询 JSON 格式文件时根据 json_root 和 jsonpaths 参数定位到一个 JSON 对象，将该对象的中的 key 作为 Table Schema 的列名，列类型都设置为 String。举例：

    data.json 文件

    [{"id":1, "name":"ftw", "age":18}]
[{"id":2, "name":"xxx", "age":17}]
[{"id":3, "name":"yyy", "age":19}]

  • 使用 S3 TVF 查询

    select * from s3(
    "uri" = "http://127.0.0.1:9312/test2/data.json",
    "s3.access_key"= "minioadmin",
    "s3.secret_key" = "minioadmin",
    "s3.endpoint" = "http://127.0.0.1:9312",
    "s3.region" = "us-east-1",
    "format" = "json",
    "strip_outer_array" = "true",
    "read_json_by_line" = "true",
    "use_path_style"="true");
+------+------+------+
| id   | name | age  |
+------+------+------+
| 1    | ftw  | 18   |
| 2    | xxx  | 17   |
| 3    | yyy  | 19   |
+------+------+------+
 
select * from s3(
    "uri" = "http://127.0.0.1:9312/test2/data.json",
    "s3.access_key"= "minioadmin",
    "s3.secret_key" = "minioadmin",
    "s3.endpoint" = "http://127.0.0.1:9312",
    "s3.region" = "us-east-1",
    "format" = "json",
    "strip_outer_array" = "true",
    "jsonpaths" = "[\"$.id\", \"$.age\"]",
    "use_path_style"="true");
+------+------+
| id   | age  |
+------+------+
| 1    | 18   |
| 2    | 17   |
| 3    | 19   |
+------+------+

  • Parquet format

    parquet 格式：S3 TVF 支持从 Parquet 文件中解析出 Table Schema 的列名、列类型。举例：

    select * from s3(
   "uri" = "http://127.0.0.1:9312/test2/test.snappy.parquet",
   "s3.access_key"= "minioadmin",
   "s3.secret_key" = "minioadmin",
   "s3.endpoint" = "http://127.0.0.1:9312",
   "s3.region" = "us-east-1",
   "format" = "parquet",
   "use_path_style"="true") limit 5;
         +-----------+------------------------------------------+----------------+----------+-------------------------+--------+-------------+---------------+---------------------+
     | p_partkey | p_name                                   | p_mfgr         | p_brand  | p_type                  | p_size | p_container | p_retailprice | p_comment           |
     +-----------+------------------------------------------+----------------+----------+-------------------------+--------+-------------+---------------+---------------------+
     |         1 | goldenrod lavender spring chocolate lace | Manufacturer#1 | Brand#13 | PROMO BURNISHED COPPER  |      7 | JUMBO PKG   |           901 | ly. slyly ironi     |
     |         2 | blush thistle blue yellow saddle         | Manufacturer#1 | Brand#13 | LARGE BRUSHED BRASS     |      1 | LG CASE     |           902 | lar accounts amo    |
     |         3 | spring green yellow purple cornsilk      | Manufacturer#4 | Brand#42 | STANDARD POLISHED BRASS |     21 | WRAP CASE   |           903 | egular deposits hag |
     |         4 | cornflower chocolate smoke green pink    | Manufacturer#3 | Brand#34 | SMALL PLATED BRASS      |     14 | MED DRUM    |           904 | p furiously r       |
     |         5 | forest brown coral puff cream            | Manufacturer#3 | Brand#32 | STANDARD POLISHED TIN   |     15 | SM PKG      |           905 |  wake carefully     |
     +-----------+------------------------------------------+----------------+----------+-------------------------+--------+-------------+---------------+---------------------+
    MySQL [(none)]> desc function s3(
    "uri" = "http://127.0.0.1:9312/test2/test.snappy.parquet",
    "s3.access_key"= "minioadmin",
    "s3.secret_key" = "minioadmin",
    "s3.endpoint" = "http://127.0.0.1:9312",
    "s3.region" = "us-east-1",
    "format" = "parquet",
    "use_path_style"="true");
          +---------------+--------------+------+-------+---------+-------+
      | Field         | Type         | Null | Key   | Default | Extra |
      +---------------+--------------+------+-------+---------+-------+
      | p_partkey     | INT          | Yes  | false | NULL    | NONE  |
      | p_name        | TEXT         | Yes  | false | NULL    | NONE  |
      | p_mfgr        | TEXT         | Yes  | false | NULL    | NONE  |
      | p_brand       | TEXT         | Yes  | false | NULL    | NONE  |
      | p_type        | TEXT         | Yes  | false | NULL    | NONE  |
      | p_size        | INT          | Yes  | false | NULL    | NONE  |
      | p_container   | TEXT         | Yes  | false | NULL    | NONE  |
      | p_retailprice | DECIMAL(9,0) | Yes  | false | NULL    | NONE  |
      | p_comment     | TEXT         | Yes  | false | NULL    | NONE  |
      +---------------+--------------+------+-------+---------+-------+

  • orc format

    orc 格式：和 parquet format 使用方法一致，将 format 参数设置为 orc。

    select * from s3(
    "uri" = "http://127.0.0.1:9312/test2/test.snappy.orc",
    "s3.access_key"= "minioadmin",
    "s3.secret_key" = "minioadmin",
    "s3.endpoint" = "http://127.0.0.1:9312",
    "s3.region" = "us-east-1",
    "format" = "orc",
    "use_path_style"="true") limit 5;
      +-----------+------------------------------------------+----------------+----------+-------------------------+--------+-------------+---------------+---------------------+
| p_partkey | p_name                                   | p_mfgr         | p_brand  | p_type                  | p_size | p_container | p_retailprice | p_comment           |
+-----------+------------------------------------------+----------------+----------+-------------------------+--------+-------------+---------------+---------------------+
|         1 | goldenrod lavender spring chocolate lace | Manufacturer#1 | Brand#13 | PROMO BURNISHED COPPER  |      7 | JUMBO PKG   |           901 | ly. slyly ironi     |
|         2 | blush thistle blue yellow saddle         | Manufacturer#1 | Brand#13 | LARGE BRUSHED BRASS     |      1 | LG CASE     |           902 | lar accounts amo    |
|         3 | spring green yellow purple cornsilk      | Manufacturer#4 | Brand#42 | STANDARD POLISHED BRASS |     21 | WRAP CASE   |           903 | egular deposits hag |
|         4 | cornflower chocolate smoke green pink    | Manufacturer#3 | Brand#34 | SMALL PLATED BRASS      |     14 | MED DRUM    |           904 | p furiously r       |
|         5 | forest brown coral puff cream            | Manufacturer#3 | Brand#32 | STANDARD POLISHED TIN   |     15 | SM PKG      |           905 |  wake carefully     |
+-----------+------------------------------------------+----------------+----------+-------------------------+--------+-------------+---------------+---------------------+

  • avro format

    avro 格式：S3 TVF 支持从 avro 文件中解析出 Table Schema 的列名、列类型。举例：

    select * from s3(
         "uri" = "http://127.0.0.1:9312/test2/person.avro",
         "ACCESS_KEY" = "ak",
         "SECRET_KEY" = "sk",
         "s3.endpoint" = "http://127.0.0.1:9312",
         "s3.region" = "us-east-1",
         "FORMAT" = "avro");
    +--------+--------------+-------------+-----------------+
| name   | boolean_type | double_type | long_type       |
+--------+--------------+-------------+-----------------+
| Alyssa |            1 |     10.0012 | 100000000221133 |
| Ben    |            0 |    5555.999 |      4009990000 |
| lisi   |            0 | 5992225.999 |      9099933330 |
+--------+--------------+-------------+-----------------+

  • URI 包含通配符

    URI 可以使用通配符来读取多个文件。注意：如果使用通配符要保证各个文件的格式是一致的 (尤其是 csv/csv_with_names/csv_with_names_and_types 算做不同的格式)，S3 TVF 用第一个文件来解析出 Table Schema。 如下两个 CSV 文件：

    // file1.csv
1,aaa,18
2,qqq,20
3,qwe,19

// file2.csv
5,cyx,19
6,ftw,21

  • 可以在 URI 上使用通配符来导入。

    select * from s3(
        "uri" = "http://127.0.0.1:9312/test2/file*.csv",
        "s3.access_key"= "minioadmin",
        "s3.secret_key" = "minioadmin",
        "s3.endpoint" = "http://127.0.0.1:9312",
        "s3.region" = "us-east-1",
        "format" = "csv",
        "use_path_style"="true");
     +------+------+------+
| c1   | c2   | c3   |
+------+------+------+
| 1    | aaa  | 18   |
| 2    | qqq  | 20   |
| 3    | qwe  | 19   |
| 5    | cyx  | 19   |
| 6    | ftw  | 21   |
+------+------+------+

  • 配合 insert into 和 cast 使用 S3 TVF

    -- 创建 Doris 内部表
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS ${testTable}
    (
        id int,
        name varchar(50),
        age int
    )
    COMMENT "my first table"
    DISTRIBUTED BY HASH(id) BUCKETS 32
    PROPERTIES("replication_num" = "1");
 
-- 使用 S3 插入数据
insert into ${testTable} (id,name,age)
select cast (id as INT) as id, name, cast (age as INT) as age
from s3(
    "uri" = "${uri}",
    "s3.access_key"= "${ak}",
    "s3.secret_key" = "${sk}",
    "s3.endpoint" = "http://127.0.0.1:9312",
    "s3.region" = "us-east-1",
    "format" = "${format}",
    "strip_outer_array" = "true",
    "read_json_by_line" = "true",
    "use_path_style" = "true");
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